Socioeconomic, when human activities are affected by reduced precipitation and related water availability. Lags in hydrologic recovery following an extreme drought. For example, agricultural and hydrological droughts appear when the water shortage significantly affects the agricultural or hydrologic activity. To this end, we define the term ecological drought as an episodic deficit in water availability that drives ecosystems beyond thresholds of vulnerability, impacts ecosystem services, and triggers feedbacks. The drought conditions resulted from anomalous patterns in the general atmospheric circulation that diverted gulf and subtropical atlantic moisture away from the basin. The effects of climate change on precipitation, evaporation, and extremes of floods and droughts are elucidated. Click on the title to browse this list of accepted articles. Many of these impacts are associated with hydrological drought drought in rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Usually expressions of deficiencies in surface and subsurface water supplies. Mar 11, 2020 this indicator comprises two types of drought. Zolotokrylin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss agricultural, and hydrologic phenomena. Sep 2003mar 2010, concurrent meteorological and hydrological droughts warszawa. The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in the future.
Drought hazard transferability from meteorological to. Hydrologists as distinct from economists or social scientists define drought according to water deficits in some component of the hydrological cycle precipitation, soil moisture, river flow and groundwater or the impact on the level of service provided to public water supply, irrigation or hydropower demands. Pdf indicators and aspects of hydrological drought in. Precipitation and palmer hydrological drought index phdi data have been used to identify past. Pdf indicators and aspects of hydrological drought in lebanon. Hydrological aspects of the 1988 drought in illinois hydrological aspects of the 1988 drought in illinois wendland, wayne m. The second phase is the terrestrial phase, which describes water movement in, over, and through the earth.
The effects of hydrological drought on water quality 53 to fisheries downstream in the caspian sea and agricultural activities, which are the main source of rice production in the country. The dyk is a suite of notes that attempt to explain or clarify complex climate phenomena, climate monitoring products and methodologies, and climate system insights. Hydrological models simulations confirmreject assumptions of the hydrological system if proved to be valuable, the selected aspects of reality can be reproduced in the chosen spatial and temporal resolution. Desertification is whereby the lands become infertile and bare, frequently as a result of overgrazing and is exacerbated by drought which makes it difficult for. Indicators and aspects of hydrological drought in lebanon. The distribution of water on the earths surface is not even. Working together in weather, climate and water wmo omm. Hydrological drought characteristics number, duration and standardized. Rogers, department of geography and office of state climatologist, the ohio state university, columbus, oh 4321061 abstract. In addition, there is no general agreement for drought definition even within each drought category. This paper summarises different techniques for defining a drought. Compared with other drought aspects, the recovery of drought especially in the hydrological components, which directly relates to the recovery of water resources for agricultural, ecological and human needs, is lessunderstood.
Projected future aridity is presented based on recent studies and our analysis of model simulations. Guidebook to studies of land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal. Whereas the physical aspects of drought, agricultural impacts, government and. The effects of hydrological drought on water quality. Hydrological drought is associated with the effects of periods of precipitation including snowfall shortfalls on surface or subsurface water supply i. The frequency and severity of global droughtinduced impacts have led to raising awareness of the need for improved river.
In two selected contrasting climate regions spain and the netherlands the propagation of recharge droughts generally leads to smaller hydrological droughts, except for severe recharge droughts, which might generate very severe hydrological droughts. Droughts in europe project, in the framework of which this study was carried out, addressed different aspects of hydrological drought at the paneuropean scale. Texas 2011 drought worst singleyear drought in texas history drought monitor, also seasonal drought outlook severe impacts, e. Regional perspectives africa, asia, south america, north and central america, southwest pacific, and europe impacts of drought hydrological and agricultural droughts drought monitoring. A hydrological drought index for the clutha catchment, new. Drought is a complex natural hazard that impacts ecosystems and society in many ways. Unlike meteorological droughts, hydrological droughts do not take place at the same time.
Hydrological drought is a textbook for university students, practising hydrologists and researchers. The drought phenomenon and its diversity across the world are illustrated using a global set of daily streamflow series, whereas regional and local aspects of drought are studied using a combination of hydrological time series and catchment information. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the development and recovery of hydrological drought. Hydrological drought 1st edition hydrological drought 1st edition the book hydrological drought processes and estimation methods for streamflow and groundwater, edited by lena m. Drought studies must focus not only on the hydrological characterization of the phenomena but also formulate the results in terms of engineering risk. Hydrologic aspects of the 199899 drought in the delaware. Table 1 major impacts of drought in relation to the different drought categories. Whereas the physical aspects of drought, agricultural impacts, government and donor responses as well as household, coping and survival strategies in the event of drought have been well studied, there has been little research on either the nonagricultural or economywide macroeconomic impacts in subsaharan africa. Meteorological and hydrological droughts in europe european. Drought is subdivided into different types of drought related to the variables of the hydrological cycle, precipitation meteorological drought, soil moisture soil moisture drought, and groundwater and streamflow hydrological drought tallaksen and van lanen, 2004. Hydrological drought assessment is necessary because human activities depend on either surface water or groundwater resources 17. There is a difference between low flow conditions and meteorological drought.
Hydrologic aspects of the 199899 drought in the delaware river basin by gary n. Socioeconomic drought occurs when the demand for an economic good exceeds supply as a result of a weatherrelated deficit in water supply. Jul 22, 2008 a variety of indices for characterising hydrological drought have been devised which, in general, are data demanding and computationally intensive. Drought is evaluated in terms of the magnitude and duration of the 1988 spring and summer precipitation shortfall, nents is investigated, relative to the. Mar 11, 2020 drought is a recurrent feature of the european climate that affects considerable fractions of the european population each year. Pdf hydrological drought download full pdf book download. The above cases were also observed in other regions of europe at the turn of the twentyfirst century blauhut et al. The hydrological aspects of droughts and lowwater periods were analyzed based on the authors archive on minimal river runoff, including about 2000 manyyear series. Climatological aspects of drought in ohio1 jeffrey c.
The frequency and severity of meteorological and hydrological droughts have increased in most parts of europe. Many of these impacts are associated with hydrological drought drought in rivers, lakes. Wilhite, director school of natural resources the challenge for early warning systems. Assessment of hydrological drought revisited springerlink. A methodology for characterising the severity of hydrological droughts is proposed which uses an index.
It can also be defined based on the impacts of the reduced precipitation on the economy and social aspects of the lives of people, that is agricultural and socioeconomic drought fao, 2004. General drought definitions have already been presented in section 1. Drought can be defined in terms of precipitation and temperatures, that is, meteorological and hydrological drought. Drought conditions make it unsuitable for plants and vegetation cover to survive. As one of the most complex and severe natural hazards, drought has widespread impacts on society and the environment. Usually expressions of precipitations departure from normal over some period of time. Hydrological drought explained wiley online library. Hydrological drought a comparative study using daily discharge series from around the world referent. These are the accepted, unedited articles published online and citable.
Document, government publication, national government publication, internet resource. Monitoring of meteorological and hydrological droughts in. Methods to describe droughts at a single site and over a region are introduced. The impact of drought on subsaharan african economies. A notable drought in the delaware river basin during late 1998 and most of 1999 had a major effect on surface and subsurface components of the hydrologic system.
Almost all drought impacts are related to soil moisture drought or. As of late july 2015, 47% of california was experiencing exceptional droughtthe most severe u. Drought indices and early warning systems for drought. Droughts pdf download types of droughts and factors. Results showed that at short accumulation periods meteorological drought characteristics showed little spatial variability, whilst hydrological drought characteristics showed fewer but longer and more severe droughts in the south and east than in the north and west of the uk. Use the link below to share a fulltext version of this article with your friends and colleagues. On this background, the aride assessment of the regional impact of droughts in europe project, in the framework of which this study was carried out, addressed different aspects of hydrological drought at the paneuropean scale. Hydrological drought characteristics ipb university.
Links various categories of meteorological and hydrological drought to agricultural impacts, focusing primarily on soil water deficits and differences between actual and potential evapotranspiration situations with insufficient soil moisture level to meet the plant needs during growing season. Hydrological drought hydrological drought is based on the impact of rainfall. Drought is evaluated in terms of the magnitude and duration of the 1988 spring and summer precipitation shortfall, nents is. Hydrological, when deficiencies occur in surface and subsurface water supplies. California experienced severe water supply shortages in 2009, which led to economic disruption across the state, incl. Different drought indices agree that the increase is greatest in southern europe. Types, causes and effects of droughts earth eclipse. Amarillo water supply, lake meredith currently \empty o cial dead pool elev is 2850 ft, 2011 record low of 2842. Much stronger hydrological and agricultural drought signals than meteorological drought all aspects of drought increase in southwest u. Hydrological drought 1st edition european drought centre. All rivers in the region originate in the alborz mountains, south of the study area. Droughts pdf download types of droughts and factors the term drought in simple words is the absence of water for a long period of time, at a place where it is considered abnormal as compared to its usual conditions. Hydrological drought severity explained by climate and.
Hydrological drought this kind of drought manifests when there is evidently low water supply, more so in natural rivers and lakes, reservoirs, streams, and groundwater levels. Depending on the considered hydroclimatic variables and impacted aspects, drought can be defined as meteorological drought, hydrological drought, agricultural drought, and socioeconomic drought mishra et al. The main objective of this chapter is to present a range of quantitative hydrological drought characteristics, the interrelationship between them and how to derive them. Drought is a recurrent feature of the european climate that affects considerable fractions of the european population each year. Because the climate is changing from human activities, and there is a direct effect on the hydrological cycle, water resources will also change. Meteorological drought, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and socialeconomic drought 9. Hydrological models simulations confirmreject assumptions of the hydrological system if proved to be valuable, the selected aspects of reality can be. Agricultural drought links various characteristics of meteorological or hydrological drought to agricultural impacts, focusing on precipitation shortages, differences between actual and potential evapotranspiration, soil water deficits, reduced groundwater or reservoir levels, and so forth. As an intermittent disturbance in the hydrological cycle, drought has profound impacts on many natural systems and socio. In lebanon, these water sources are witnessing obvious quantitative decrease, thus affected the supply side, the socalled hydrologic drought. This form of drought associates human activities with elements of meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological drought.
Besides, fertile lands are lost as a result of drought, and in consequence, desertification sets in. Hydrological aspects of the 1988 drought in illinois deepdyve. Socio economic impacts of droughts and economic instruments. On the contrary, for meteorological droughts very simple and effective indices such as the standardised precipitation index spi have been used. Hydrological and regulatory water supply issues congressional research service summary california is in its fourth year of drought. Available studies project further increases in the frequency, duration and. Defining ecological drought for the twentyfirst century. Drought analysis of monthly hydrological sequences.
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